I recently attempted to read Plato's Parmenides and it made me realize a few things. First and foremost, anyone who thinks that Plato is an easy writer to read has clearly not read the Parmenides, second, Aristotle and his concept of lpgic came too late for Plato. The opening line in a large section commits a fallacy of exclusion:
"Parmenides proceeded: If one is, he said, the one cannot be many?
Impossible. Then the one cannot have parts, and cannot be a whole? Why not? Because every part is part of a whole; is it not? Yes. And what is a whole? would not that of which no part is wanting be a whole? Certainly. Then, in either case, the one would be made up of parts; both as being a whole, and also as having parts?"
Not every part is a whole, necessary and sufficient relationships tell us that a part's existence could be contingent on its being inside of but not self-containing a whole. The majority of the dialogue proceeds in this manner; using a plethora of logical fallacies to disprove everything regarding conventional beliefs about existence.
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